Commissioned by Concawe and Aramco, this comprehensive study dives deep into the techno-economic and environmental aspects of a broad range of e-fuels pathways, including e-hydrogen, e-methanol, e-kerosene, and more, across Europe and the MENA regions.

The update focuses on the impact of intermittency and seasonality on production costs, plant sizing, and storage requirements.

Other contents include a comparison of stand-alone plants with e-fuels plants integrated into oil refineries, a cost comparison of e-fuels with fossil, established and advanced alternative fuels, and an outlook on the future of e-fuels in Europe (potential demand, potential for renewable electricity, land, and raw material requirements). Safety and environmental aspects, barriers to deployment and regulation are also considered.

Further information can be found here: link.