LH2 as import vector

Cryogenic liquid hydrogen (LH2) is considered a promising option for international hydrogen transport, storage, and distribution. While LH2 has been used for small-scale hydrogen distribution for many years – particularly in Europe and the USA – the large-scale international transport of LH2 still faces technical challenges.

As part of a project for a leading automotive manufacturer, LBST conducted a comprehensive analysis of the opportunities and challenges associated with importing LH2 to Germany. This included an assessment of costs, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, required technologies, and their capacities. The study focused on RED II-compliant (RFNBO) hydrogen production and liquefaction in the exporting country, LH2 storage and international transport, as well as the import terminal in Germany, followed by national distribution via truck and rail.

To gather the latest data and insights on technologies and concepts, LBST engaged in discussions with key stakeholders from the hydrogen, logistics, and technology sectors. The analysis revealed that large-scale international LH2 transport could become technically feasible by the end of this decade or early next decade. However, further development and scaling of critical technologies are still required. The capacity of individual components along the LH2 supply chain, especially the LH2 carrier ship, plays a key role in the overall economic viability.

A RED II-compliant hydrogen supply is achievable in principal if renewable energy is consistently utilized throughout the entire supply chain.